Arret Blanco was an 1873 decision of France's Tribunal des Conflits, the court that resolves jurisdictional disputes between the ordinary and administrative court systems, holding that the state's liability for harm caused by the operation of its public services could not be governed by the ordinary rules of the Civil Code that apply between private individuals, but instead had to be governed by its own special rules, which vary according to the needs of the service and the necessity of reconciling the rights of the state with private rights, and that disputes over such liability fell within the jurisdiction of the administrative courts. It arose after a young girl, Agnes Blanco, was injured by a wagon operated by a state owned tobacco factory, and it is regarded as the foundational judgment of modern French administrative law.
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